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Author(s) Objective Research methodology Achievements Year Al-Saeed et al. Investigating the potential of using nearly nZEB Validating the simulation by comparing the simulated primary energy consumption of the case-study building Significant annual energy reduction; 41% to 87% for current climatic conditions and 40% to 84% by 2080 Achieving nZEB standards 2020Li and Wang Coordinated robust optimal design of building envelope Coordination of design optimization method of building envelope and energy system Provide better services compared to current design methods at a lower cost 2020Mahdavi Adeli et al. Increasing thermal comfort of an nZEB Using of computational fluid dynamics model to determine the temperature for thermal comfort Using wind turbines for electricity generation in cold seasons as an appropriate substitute for the reduction in the electricity generated by photovoltaic panels 2020Walter Costa et al. Retrofit guidelines toward the achievement of nZEB Investigation of the effect of an outer shell on energy consumption Achieving the nZEB goal in the up to four-story office buildings 2020Amani and Kiaee Developing a two-criteria framework to rank thermal insulation materials Using 12 typical insulation materials with different thicknesses, a four-layer insulation system was developed and applied to a Case study more than 70% reduction in the energy demand and a global warming potential range of 192e1500 kgCo2 eq. 2020Al-Saadi and Shaaban ZEB in an extremely hot climate Investigation of the data acquisition system for energy and thermal performance ZEB is feasible in the extremely hot climate of Oman 2019Salem et al. Investigating the potential impact of energy-efficient measures forretrofitting existing UK hotelsInvestigation of the effect of the building fabric and/or building envelope elements on energy consumption Achieving the nZEB standard for older UK hotel buildings based on prioritizing improving the building fabric 2019Sudhakar et al. Net-zero building designs in hot and humid climates Investigation of basic guidelines, natural ventilation systems, cooling and dehumidification, insulation and constructionmaterialsUsing the natural ventilation systems in places with high wind speeds Using different design strategies to achieve comfort performance in different seasons 2019Liu et al. Energy balance evaluation and optimization of photovoltaic systems for ZEB in different climate zones of China Investigating the potential of PV systems for zero energy buildings in different areas of China Investigation of tilt angle, orientation, plot ratio, PV conversion efficiency and location Building simulation by RETScreen in combination with TRNSYS software Southwest China was identified as the best place to develop zero energy buildings Low-rise and mid-rise residential buildings can realize zero energy in China when the PV conversion efficiency is higher than 20% 2019(continued)Table 1.Previous studies onzero-energybuildings (ZEB)Zero-energyresidentialbuilding